System for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy.



H. M. JACOBS.

SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, I916.

1 ,272,44:7. v Patented July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET I.

Q /AWW W H. M. JACOBS. SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, I916 Patented-July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FIG.4-

INVENTOR W UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY M. JACOBS, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESN E ASSIGNMENTS. TO UNION SWITCH AND SIGNAL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM FOR THE 'IIRAINSIDIISSION' AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

Specification of Letters Intent.

Patented July 16, 1918.

Original application died February 17, 1915, Serial No. 8,971. Divided and this application filed June 5, 1916. Serial No.'101,817.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HARRY M. home, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems for the Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy, of which the followin is a specification.

y invention relates to systems for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy and more particularly to sectionalized transmission lines. When, after an interruption of service, power is to be reapplied to a transmission line it may be that the power necessary to start the operation of the entire system is much greater than the ordinary full load power I required for the system. For example, 20-

in a railway signaling system, in which relays and signals are supplied by a transmission line, the power necessary to clear all signals at once may be three or four times the normal operating power of the system. This is due to the fact that much'more power is usually required to clear a signal than to hold the signal at the clear indication. Thus a great increase in the size of the generating apparatus above that required v-for normaloperation is necessary.

In my invention, however, when the line is to be energized, power is first applied to one section only, and after an interval of time suflicient to permit the apparatus associated with that section to assume such condition that it consumes only the normal power, power is applied to another section, and so on. Thus the entire transmission line may be gradually energized in such manner that the starting'power is not much greater than the normal load.

The present application is a division of my co-pending application, Serial No. 8971, filed February 17 1915, for slow acting sectionalizing devices.

I Will describe certain forms of apparatus I embodying my invention, and will then point out the novel features thereof in claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a transmission line having applied thereto one form of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a view of one of the circuit controllers P with its operating mechanism 0, shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view of one of the circuit controllers P with another form of operating mechanism 0. Fig. 4 is a dia- {grammatic view showing another form of transmission line having applied thereto another form of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 5 is a detailed view of one of the switches P with its operating mechanism 0, shown in Fig. 4.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts in each of the several views.

Referring first to Fig. 1, I have here shown a transmission line comprising two wires 1, 2, which line is divided into setions A, B, etc. The several sections may be connected with and disconnected from each other by circuit controllers P, one such circuit controller being located between each two adjacent sections. Current is supplied to the transmission line by means of a generator 3, here shown as a single phase alternator. Transformers T, T T etc. supply power to electrical loads of any description. such as signals, lamps. etc.

As here shown, each circuit controller 1 comprises fixed contacts 15, 16 and 17. 18, which are bridged by bars 19 and 20 respectively when the circuit controller is in the closed position. so as to connect adjacent sections of the transmission line. Referring particularly to Fig. 2, bars 19 and 20 are rigidly attached to, and electrically insulated from a vertically movable switch actuating rod 14 which carries at its lower extremity an armature 21 of an electromagnet 22. Fixed also to this rod is a shoulder 23 adapted to be engaged by a latch 24 pivoted at 150 and controlled by a magnet 25,

which latch is adapted to hold the switch P closed after it has been closed and while the electromagnet 25 is energized. Another shoulder 26 on rod 14 is adapted to operate with dash pots 30 and 30 respectively. The time of operation of these dash pots is adjusted in the well known manner by valves 33. Contact 4060 of relay R is prevented from opening until armature 29 is almost closed by providing a spring contact finger 60, which is distorted as shown when the relay is denergized. Relay R is energized by the circuit: from transformer 35,

through wire 38, contact -40 of relay R wire 41, energizing Winding 46 of relay R wire 39 to transformer 35. Thus this relay is energized when the back contact of relay R is closed'and when potential is supplied to an adjacent section of the transmission line, designated in Fig. 2 by reference character A. The energizing circuit of relay R is as follows: from transformer 35, through wires 38 and 42, contact C, wire 43, energizing winding 45 of relay R wires 44 and 39 to transformer 35.- Hence relay R is energized when potential is applied to an adjacent section A of the transmission line and contact C is closed, in other words, when the switch P is closed. Magnet 25 is connected directly across transformer 35 by means of wires 47 and 48, hence this magnet is energized whenever there is potential on section A of the transmission line. Magnet 22 is energized by the following circuit: from transformer 35, through wires 38 and 50, contact 5131 of relay R wire 52, energizing winding 49 of magnet 22, wires 53 and 39 to transformer-35. Therefore magnet 22 is energized when contact 51-31 of relay R is closed.

I have shown all the apparatus in the positions assumed when there is no current supplied to the transmission system. When voltage is applied to the line by closing switch S, only section A is connected with generator 3, for all circuit controllers P are open. Transformer 35, the primary of which is connected to section A of the transmission line, is then energized, so that current flows through the winding of the electromagnet 25 of the device 0 located between sections A and B. Relay R is energized, its

circuit being closed at contact 40-60 of relay R After a time interval determined 'by the adjustment of valve 33 of dash pot 30', contact finger 31 of relay R makes contact with point 51, closing thereby the energizing circuit of the electromagnet 22, which attracts its armature 21, so that rod 14 is pushed upward and the circuit controller P is closed. Inasmuch as magnet 25 is energized, the latch 24 holds rod 14 in this position. Furthermore, contact C is also closed and relay B is therefore energized. This relay attracts its armature 29, and after a time limit imposed by dash pot 30*, contact 60-40 opens, thus opening at that point the circuit for relay R The opening of relay R opens at contact 3151 the circuit for magnet 22, but the circuit controller P cannot open because it is locked by latch 24.

Thus, when potential is applied to one section, the circuit controller P between that section and the adjacent section closes automatically after a predetermined time interval determined by relay R and after the circuit controller has closed relay R is denergized after an interval of time determined by relay B. After the circuit controller is closed and relay R has opened, the only ener consumed by the controlling apparatus is the small amount used by magnet 25 and relay R When potential is taken ofi' the line, or a short circuit at any section causes a drop in the voltage at the sectionalizing switch,-

magnet 25 releases latch 24. Rod 14 then drops b force of gravity, thereby opening switch P and contact C, thus breaking the energizing circuit of relay R All the alpparatus is then in condition to again close t e switch automatically when potential is reapplied to the section.

107 on switch rod 14. A spring contactfinger 101 is attached to lever 103 to make contact with point 102. A dash pot 105 is operatively attached to lever 103, so that when rod 14 is moved upward, spring 106 will tend to turn lever -103 clockwise about pivot 104, but this motion is retarded by means of dash pot 105. As a result, spring contact finger 101 does not break contact with point 102 until a definite time after switch P is closed. A lug 108 is provided to bear on lever 103, so that lever 103 is turned back to its original position when switch P opens. In order to prevent dash pot 105 from interfering with the counter clock-wise rotation of lever 103, Valve 190 is made of the check valve type. Relay R is energized by current flowing in the circuit: from transformer 35 through wire 120, contact 101, 102, of switch M, energizing winding 46 of relay R wire 110 to transformer 35. Hence relay R is energized when switch M is closed and potential is applied to section A of the transmission line. Magnet 22 may be energized by current in the circuit: from transformer 35, through wires 120 and 109, energizing winding 49 of magnet 22, contact 5131 of relay R wire 110 to transformer 35. Magnet 25 is as before connected directly across transformer 35 by wires 47 and 48.

To explain the operation of this modifica-' tion of the apparatus embodying my invention, assume the transmission line 1-2 of Fig. 1 is dei nergized. All the circuit controllers l are then open, relays R and magnets 25 are dei nergized and switchesM are closed. When potential is applied to the transmission line by closing switch S only section A is energized as before. Relay R of the mechanism between sections A and B is energized, its circuit being closed at contact 101102 of switch M, and after an interval of time determined by the adjustment of valve 33 of dash pct 30', contact 51-31 of relay R closes and current flow-s in the energizing winding 49 of magnet 22. Armature 21 of magnet 22 is therefore attracted and circuit controller P is closed. Potential is thus applied to section B of the transmission line. As before, magnet 25 looks circuit controller P in the closed position. Contact 101102 of switch M opens after circuit controller P is closed. Thereby relay R is deenergized, and opens at contact 5131 the energizing circuit, of magnet 22. Hence, after circuit controller P is closed the only energy consumed by the apparatus is that required for ma et 25.

Referring now to- Fig. 4, I have here shown a transmission line comprising wires 1 and 2 and capable of being supplied from either end or both ends by generators 3 and 3' through switches S and S. The transmission line is divided into sections A, B- Y, Z. I have shown only two full sections, A and Z and the beginning and end respectively of two other sections B and Y; between sections B and Y, there may be, of course, any number of sections. Each two adjacent sections may be connected by a circuit controller P, one of which is shown with its operating mechanism 0" in Fig. 5. Since each of these switches must be operable from either adjacent section, each switch is provided with two transformers 35 and 35 connected respectively to the two adj acent sections.

Referring now to Fig. 5, the operating and controlling mechanism 0" here shown is similar to that shown in Fig. 3 described above, except that a double pole switch N is used instead of single pole switch M. An additional relay R similar to relay R is also provided. Relay R may be energized through the following circuit: from transformer 35, through wire 130, energizing winding of relay R ,wire 131, contact 101- 102 of switch N, wires 132, 135 and 133 to transformer 35. Hence relay R is energized when switch N is closed and potential isapplied to section A of the transmission line. The energizing circuit of relay R is as follows: from transformer 35*, through wires 113 and 114, energizing winding of relay R wire 115, contact 101--102 of switch N, wires 132, 135 and 112 to transformer 35.

switch N is closed and section B of the transmission line is energized. One ener 'zing circuit for magnet 22 is from trans ormer 35, wire 130, contact 5131 of relay R wire 136, energizing winding 49 of magnet 22, wires 135 and 133 to transformer 35. Magnet 22 may also be energized by the completion of the circuit: from transformer 35*, through wire 113, contact 137 -138 of relay R wire 136, energizing winding 49 of magnet 22, wires 135 and 112 to transformer 35*. In short magnet 22 may be energized by current owin from sections A or B of the transmission line, if either relay R or R is energized.

To explain the operation of this modification of the apparatus embodying my invention, assume that the transmission line shown in Fig. 4 is deenergized and circuit controllers P are open. Then, when poten-' tial is applied to section A of the transmission line by closing switch S, relay R of .the mechanism between sections A and B is of switch N. After a time interval deter mined by the djustment of valve 33 of dash pct. 30", contact 31-51 closes and current flows in the energizing circuit of magnet 22. Armature 21 is attracted by electromagnet 22 and closes circuit controller P, which is locked in this position by magnet 25 as explained hereinbefore. When circuit controller P closes, section 'B of the transmission line is energized. As noted before, switch N opens after circuit cont-roller P has closed, and breaks at contact 101102 the energizing circuit of relay R which therefore opens at contact 3151 the energizing circuit for magnet 22.

If the transmission line had been ener gized from the opposite end by closing switch S, transformer 35 would have been energized and relay R would have closed its contact 137-138 after the lapse of time determined by the adjustment of valve 33 of dash pot 30 of relay R Then magnet 22 would have been energized by current flowing from transformer 35, and by attractingts armature 21, it would have closed switch and potentialwould be supplied to section A of the transmission line. switch N would have opened the energizing circuit of'relay -R*' at contact 101102. Switch P would have been locked in the closed position by magnet 25 after sectionA had been energized by the closing of switch P.

If the transmission line is deenergized by opening switch S or S, or if due to some cause or other potential fails at any of the sectionalizing switches, magnets 25 are deenergized and release their armatures 24,-

Then i allowing switches P to open by force of gravity.

Although I have herein shown and described only certain forms of apparatusembodying my invention, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In combination, a transmission line divided into sections, circuit controllers for connecting adjacent sections of said line, an electromagnetic control device for each circuit controller, a-control relay for each electromagnetic device, a circuit for each relay energized by current from an adjacent section of the line, a contact governed by each electromagnetic device for deenergizing the corresponding relay when the corresponding circuit controller is closed, and means for preventing the operation of said contact until a definite period of time after said circuit controller has closed.

2. In combination, a transmission line divided into sections, circuit controllers for connecting adjacent sections of said line, an electromagnetic operating device for each circuit controller, a control relay for each electromagnetic device, a circuit for each relay energized by current from an adjacent section of the line, a slow-acting contact controlled by. each electromagnetic device for controlling the corresponding relay, and means for each circuit controller for retaining it in the operated position.

3. In combination, a sectionalized transmission line, circuit controllers for connecting adjacent sections of said line,, a n electromagnetic device for the operation'of each circuit controller, a relay for each circuit controller, a circuit for each electromagnetic device controlled by a front contact of said relay, a circuit for each relay receiving current from an adjacent section of the line, and slow-acting means for each circuit controller controlled by the corresponding electromagnetic device for denergizing said relay when the circuit controller has been operated.

4. In combination, a sectionalized transmission line, circuit controllers for connecting adjacent sections of said line, an electromagnetic device for the operation of each circuit controller, a relay for 'each circuit controller, a circuit for each electromagnetic device controlled by said relay, a normally closed contact for each circuit controller operated by the circuit controller to denergize the corresponding relay after the circuit controller has been operated to the closed position, the several circuits for the apparatus associated with each circuitcontroller receiving current from the adjacent section of the line nearer the generating station, and means for retarding the operation of said relays.

5. In combination, a sectionalized transmission line, means for supplying energy to said line from either end, circuit controllers for connecting adjacent sections of said line, an electromagnetic device for each circuit controller for the operation thereof, two relays for each circuit controller, a circuit for each electromagnetic device controlled by the said relays, a circuit for each of said relays, means for supplying energy to one relay from one section of the transmission line adjacent a circuit controller and means for supplying energy to the other relay from the other adjacent section of the transmission line, and two contacts for each circuit controller and controlled thereby, for controlling the energizing circuits of said relays, said contacts being normally closed, and opened after the circuit controller has been closed.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' HARRY M. JACOBS.

Witnesses:

BENJAMIN B. HULL, MARGARET E. WOOLLEY. 

